Art of Pretty by Toni South Cottage Grove Avenue Chicago Il

Customs area of Chicago

Community area in Illinois, Usa

Hyde Park
Customs area
Community Surface area 41 – Hyde Park
The official Hyde Park community surface area (assuming blackness) and the unofficial Hyde Park-Kenwood neighborhood extending into the official Kenwood customs area (thin blackness).
Location within the urban center of Chicago
Coordinates: 41°48′Due north 87°35.4′W  /  41.800°North 87.5900°West  / 41.800; -87.5900 Coordinates: 41°48′N 87°35.iv′W  /  41.800°N 87.5900°W  / 41.800; -87.5900
Country	The states
State	Illinois
County	Cook
City	Chicago
Neighborhoods	List Hyde Park E Hyde Park
Surface area
• Total	1.65 sq mi (iv.27 km2)
Population (2020)
• Total	29,456
• Density	18,000/sq mi (six,900/kmii)
Demographics (2018)[i]
• White	47.threescore%
• Black	26.84%
• Asian	12.08%
• Hispanic	8.51%
• Other	4.96%
Educational Attainment 2018[ane]
• High School Diploma or Higher	96.77%
• Available's Degree or Higher	75.00%
Time zone	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-five (CDT)
Goose egg codes	parts of 60615 and 60637
Median household income 2018	$54,140[1] [two]
Source: U.Due south. Census, Tape Information Services

Hyde Park is the 41st of the 77 community areas of Chicago. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan 7 miles (11 km) south of the Loop.

Hyde Park'southward official boundaries are 51st Street/Hyde Park Boulevard on the north, the Midway Plaisance (between 59th and 60th streets) on the south, Washington Park on the westward, and Lake Michigan on the eastward.^[3] Co-ordinate to another definition, a department to the north between 47th Street^[iv] and 51st Street/Hyde Park Boulevard is besides included as part of Hyde Park, although this area is officially the southern function of the Kenwood community area. The area encompassing Hyde Park and the southern part of Kenwood is sometimes referred to every bit Hyde Park-Kenwood, which includes the neighborhoods of East Hyde Park and Indian Village.^[5]

Hyde Park is home to a number of institutions of higher education; among these are the University of Chicago, Catholic Theological Marriage, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, and McCormick Theological Seminary. The community area is also habitation to the Museum of Science and Industry, and two of Chicago'due south iv historic sites listed in the original 1966 National Register of Historic Places (Chicago Pile-i, the world'due south first artificial nuclear reactor, and Robie House).^[6] In the early 21st century, Hyde Park received national attention for its association with U.S. President Barack Obama, who, earlier running for president, was a Senior Lecturer for twelve years at the University of Chicago Law School.^{[7] [8]} Hyde Park is likewise home to the Barack Obama Presidential Center which is currently nether structure in Jackson Park.^[ix]

History [edit]

Founding and early years [edit]

In 1853, Paul Cornell, a real manor speculator and cousin of Cornell University founder Ezra Cornell, purchased 300 acres (1.2 km^two) of land^[10] betwixt 51st and 55th streets along the shore of Lake Michigan,^[xi] with the idea of attracting other Chicago businessmen and their families to the area.^[10] The land was located seven miles south of Downtown Chicago in a rural area that enjoyed weather tempered by the lake – cooler in the summertime and warmer in the wintertime. Information technology was conveniently located most the Illinois Central Railroad, which had been constructed two years before. Cornell successfully negotiated land in substitution for a railroad station at 53rd Street. Hyde Park quickly became a suburban retreat for flush Chicagoans who wanted to escape the dissonance and congestion of the quickly growing city.

In 1857, the Hyde Park Business firm, an upscale hotel, was congenital on the shore of Lake Michigan near the 53rd Street railroad station.^[ten] For ii decades, the Hyde Park House served equally a focal point of Hyde Park social life. During this period, it was visited or lived in by many prominent guests, including Mary Todd Lincoln, who lived there with her children for ii and a half months in the summer of 1865 (shortly after her husband was assassinated).^[12] The Hyde Park House burned down in an 1879 fire. The Sisson Hotel was built on the site in 1918 and was somewhen converted into a condominium building (the Hampton House).

In 1861, Hyde Park was incorporated as an independent township (called Hyde Park Township). Its boundaries were Pershing Route (39th Street) on the northward, 138th Street on the south, Country Street on the west, and Lake Michigan and the Indiana land line on the east.^[xiii] The territory of the township encompassed near of what is at present the South Side of Chicago. Hyde Park Township remained independent of Chicago until it was annexed to the city in 1889.^[14] After annexation, the definition of Hyde Park every bit a Chicago neighborhood was restricted to the historic core of the former township, centered on Cornell'due south initial evolution between 51st and 55th streets nigh the lakefront.

The Hyde Park Herald, the neighborhood's community newspaper, was established in 1882 and continues to be published weekly.

Growth and notability [edit]

In 1891 (two years afterward Hyde Park was annexed to the city of Chicago),^[ten] the University of Chicago was established in Hyde Park through the philanthropy of John D. Rockefeller and the leadership of William Rainey Harper.^[11]

In 1893, Hyde Park hosted the Globe's Columbian Exposition (a world's fair marking the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World). The Earth's Columbian Exposition brought fame to the neighborhood, which gave rise to an inflow of new residents and spurred new development that gradually started transforming Hyde Park into a more urban area. However, since most of the structures built for the off-white were temporary, information technology left few straight traces in the neighborhood. The only major structure from the off-white that is all the same standing today is Charles Atwood's Palace of Fine Arts, which has since been converted into the Museum of Science and Industry.

In the early decades of the twentieth century, many upscale hotels were congenital in Hyde Park (mostly forth the lakefront). Hyde Park became a resort area in Chicago.^[11] Most of these hotels closed during the Peachy Depression, and were eventually converted into apartment and condominium buildings (most of which are still standing today).

Historical images of Hyde Park can exist found in Explore Chicago Collections, a digital repository made available by Chicago Collections archives, libraries and other cultural institutions in the city.^[15]

Racial integration, economic decline, and urban renewal [edit]

Until the center of the twentieth century, Hyde Park remained an about exclusively white neighborhood (despite its proximity to Chicago'south Black Belt). Hyde Parkers relied on racially restrictive covenants to keep African Americans out of the neighborhood. At the time, the use of such covenants was supported by the University of Chicago.^[16]

After the Supreme Court banned racially restrictive covenants in 1948, African Americans began moving into Hyde Park, and the neighborhood gradually became multiracial. In 1955, ceremonious rights activist Leon Despres was elected alderman of Hyde Park and held the position for xx years.^[17] Despres argued passionately for racial integration and fair housing on the floor of the Chicago City Council, and became known as the "liberal conscience of Chicago" for oft casting the sole dissenting vote against the policies of Chicago's then-mayor Richard J. Daley.^[18]

During the 1950s, Hyde Park experienced economic decline as a issue of the white flight that followed the rapid inflow of African Americans into the neighborhood.^[11] In the 1950s and 1960s, the Academy of Chicago, in its effort to counteract these trends, sponsored ane of the largest urban renewal plans in the nation.^{[19] [20]} The plan involved the sabotage and redevelopment of entire blocks of decayed buildings with the goal of creating an "interracial community of high standards."^[21] After the program was carried out, Hyde Park's average income soared by seventy percent, but its African American population cruel by forty percent, since the substandard housing primarily occupied by low-income African Americans had been purchased, torn down, and replaced, with the residents not existence able to beget to remain in the newly rehabilitated areas.^{[ citation needed ]} The ultimate result of the renewal plan was that Hyde Park did non experience the economic low that occurred in the surrounding areas and became a racially integrated middle-class neighborhood.^{[ citation needed ]}

Subdivisions [edit]

The University of Chicago [edit]

The fundamental campus of the University of Chicago—including Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Infirmary, the historic Principal Quadrangles, and the Booth School of Business concern—is bounded by Washington Park on the westward, 55th Street on the north, University Ave. on the east, and 61st Street on the south, placing most of the University within Hyde Park'due south southwestern quadrant (with the residuum, south of the Midway, being in Woodlawn). The Academy as well owns a number of additional properties throughout Hyde Park, with many concentrated forth a narrow corridor along 59th Street betwixt the central campus and the Metra tracks—including, for example, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools and International Firm. Due to the Academy'southward proximity, the blocks merely e of the central campus are dominated by (privately owned) student and faculty residences.

East Hyde Park [edit]

Looking east along South Shore Drive near 55th St. in Hyde Park (aka Eastward Hyde Park)

The part of Hyde Park located east of the Metra tracks is locally called Due east Hyde Park. This expanse, the part of Hyde Park nearest to Lake Michigan, has a large number of high-rise condominiums, many of them facing the lakefront. In this respect, East Hyde Park differs markedly from the rest of Hyde Park, where the vast majority of residences are either 3-story flat buildings or single-family unit homes (with only a small number of high-rise condominiums).

S Kenwood [edit]

Although the neighborhood bounded past 47th Street on the north, 51st Street (Hyde Park Boulevard) on the south, Cottage Grove Artery on the west, and Lake Michigan on the east is officially the southern half of the Kenwood community area, it is often considered part of Hyde Park due to the two areas' shared culture and history; "Hyde Park-Kenwood" is thus sometimes applied to this collective area (as in, e.g., the "Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic Commune"). Some differences are all the same apparent: unlike Hyde Park, which is dominated by three- and four-story apartment buildings and modest family homes, southern Kenwood boasts a great many luxurious mansions, built mainly at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries for wealthy Chicagoans. A number of prominent Chicagoans currently reside or ain homes in this area, including quondam U.Due south. president Barack Obama and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan. Boxer Muhammad Ali and former Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad also one time resided in south Kenwood.

Demographics [edit]

Historical population
Demography	Popular.		%±
1930	48,017		—
1940	50,550		5.3%
1950	55,206		nine.two%
1960	45,577		−17.4%
1970	33,531		−26.4%
1980	31,198		−vii.0%
1990	28,630		−8.2%
2000	29,920		4.5%
2010	25,681		−14.ii%
2020	29,456		14.vii%
[22] [1]

Diversity [edit]

U.S. President Barack Obama has lived nigh Hyde Park for more twenty years.

Hyde Park is a very racially diverse neighborhood. Its population is 47.6% White, 26.8% African American, 12.one% Asian American, viii.five% Hispanic, and 5.0% of other races or of more than than one race.^[ane] There are some differences between the racial demographics of the part of Hyde Park south of 55th Street and the part of Hyde Park north of 55th Street. Residents south of 55th Street are predominantly White and Asian American, with a smaller percentage beingness African American or Hispanic. Northward of 55th Street, African Americans make upwards approximately one-half of the population and there's a larger percent of Hispanics.^[23]

Hyde Park'due south location in the center of the predominantly African American South Side as well as the neighborhood's big population of affluent and upper-middle grade black residents have made it an important cultural and political hub of Chicago's black community. Many of Chicago'due south prominent African American politicians live or have lived in Hyde Park, including former Chicago Mayor Harold Washington;^[24] former U.S. Senator Ballad Moseley Braun, the first ever Black female U.S. senator;^[25] and onetime U.Due south. President Barack Obama.^[16]

Landmarks [edit]

The following Hyde Park community surface area properties have been added to the National Annals of Historic Places: Chicago Beach Apartments, Arthur H. Compton House, East Park Towers, Chicago Pile-1, Flamingo-on-the-Lake Apartments, Isadore H. Heller House, Charles Hitchcock Hall, Hotel Del Prado, Hotel Windermere E, Frank R. Lillie Business firm, Robert A. Millikan House, Poinsettia Apartments, Promontory Apartments, Jackson Shore Apartments, Frederick C. Robie House, George Herbert Jones Laboratory, St. Thomas Church and Convent, Shoreland Hotel, German submarine U-505, and Academy Apartments.

In addition, the NRHP Hyde Park-Kenwood Celebrated District and Jackson Park Celebrated Landscape District and Midway Plaisance are located, at to the lowest degree in part, within the Hyde Park community area.

Parks [edit]

Promontory Point [edit]

Promontory Point is a artificial peninsula that extends out into Lake Michigan at 55th Street, providing views of the Downtown Chicago skyline to the north. Promontory Point is a common location for picnicking, sunbathing, and pond. It made news every bit the location of the wedding reception between George Lucas and Mellody Hobson in June 2013. ^[26]

Jackson Park [edit]

The southeastern corner of Hyde Park contains the northern terminate of Jackson Park. Jackson Park consists of lagoons surrounding an island in the middle (called the Wooded Isle), on which a small Japanese garden is located. Information technology is dwelling house to a big population of beavers and over two dozen species of birds. The Midway Plaisance, a wide boulevard that runs from Stony Island Avenue to Cottage Grove Avenue between 59th and 60th streets, connects Jackson Park to Washington Park (located to the west of Hyde Park).

Jackson Park has been selected by the Obama Foundation equally the site of the future Obama Presidential Heart.^[27]

Shopping districts [edit]

The courtyard of the Hyde Park Shopping Middle

53rd, 55th, and 57th streets host almost of the businesses in Hyde Park.

53rd Street [edit]

53rd Street is Hyde Park'due south oldest shopping district, lined with many pocket-size businesses and restaurants offering various dining options. Harper Court, a small-business-oriented shopping center, extends north of 53rd Street forth Harper Avenue. A farmers' market is held there in the summer.

55th Street [edit]

The segment of 55th Street between the Metra line and the lake offers a series of ethnic restaurants serving Thai, Japanese, and Korean cuisine. To the west of the Metra line between 54th and 55th streets lies the Hyde Park Shopping Middle. The shopping heart is anchored by the Trader Joe's grocery store, and also includes a Walgreens, Ace Hardware, Office Depot, Potbelly Sandwich Works, Ascione Bistro, the Bonjour Baker and Cafe, and upscale French eatery La Petite Folie.

57th Street [edit]

57th Street is noted for its independent bookstores, including Powell's Books Chicago (the original location of a Powell's Books)^[28] and the general-readership branch of the Seminary Co-op bookstore, known equally "57th Street Books." 57th Street too offers the Medici Restaurant and Bakery, TrueNorth Cafe, and the Salonica Restaurant, along with pocket-sized grocery stores, hair stylists, and dry cleaners. On the outset weekend in June, the venerable 57th Street Art Fair takes up 57th Street between Kimbark and Kenwood avenues.

Museums [edit]

• DuSable Museum of African American History (located just outside Hyde Park on the eastern border of Washington Park)
• Hyde Park Art Centre
• Museum of Science and Industry
• Oriental Institute – an archaeology museum (generally focusing on the ancient Near East) inside the University of Chicago.
• Smart Museum of Art – an fine art museum within the University of Chicago.

Educational institutions [edit]

• Catholic Theological Union – a seminary of Roman Catholic religious orders and lay women and men.
• Chicago Theological Seminary – a seminary of the United Church building of Christ.
• Lutheran Schoolhouse of Theology at Chicago – a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
• McCormick Theological Seminary – a seminary of the Presbyterian Church.
• University of Chicago – a private research university.
• University of Chicago Laboratory Schools – a private coeducational nursery-12 school founded past educational reformer John Dewey in 1896.

Churches and houses of worship [edit]

• Congregation Rodfei Zedek
• The First Baptist Church of Chicago, the oldest Baptist church in the city
• Get-go Unitarian Church of Chicago
• The Hyde Park Chapel of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• The Hyde Park Seventh-24-hour interval Adventist Church
• Hyde Park Wedlock Church building
• KAM Isaiah State of israel
• Rockefeller Chapel
• St. Paul & the Redeemer Episcopal Church
• St. Thomas Church building and Convent
• 57th Street Meeting of Friends, a Quaker meeting for worship

Politics [edit]

The Hyde Park community area has supported the Democratic Party in the by 2 presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election, Hyde Park bandage 10,479 votes for Hillary Clinton and 442 votes for Donald Trump (91.9% to 3.9%).^[29] In the 2012 presidential ballot, Hyde Park cast 9,991 votes for Barack Obama and cast 651 votes for Mitt Romney (91.4% to 6.0%).^[30]

Transportation [edit]

Hyde Park is connected to the rest of the metropolis by CTA buses and the Metra Electrical Line. CTA buses provide express service to the downtown, and they also allow transfers to Red Line and Green Line trains to the Loop. The Metra Electric line, which uses the tracks of the former Illinois Central Railroad, has several stops in Hyde Park and provides service to Millennium Station in the downtown.

CTA bus services:

• 2 Hyde Park Express
• 4 Cottage Grove
• 6 Jackson Park Express
• 10 Museum of Scientific discipline and Manufacture
• 15 Jeffery Local
• 28 Stony Island
• 55 Garfield

Additional CTA bus services, paid for by the Academy of Chicago:

• 171 University of Chicago/Hyde Park
• 172 University of Chicago/Kenwood
• 192 University of Chicago Hospitals Express

Notable current and former residents of Hyde Park [edit]

• Gertrude Abercrombie^[31] – painter
• Muhammad Ali – boxer
• Quentin Young – doc, a founder of Physicians for National Health Care (PNHP)
• Neb Ayers^[32] – educator and activist
• Saul Bellow^[33] – writer, 1976 Nobel Prize laureate
• Lee Botts^[34] – environmentalist
• Chesa Boudin (built-in 1980), 30th District Attorney of San Francisco (2020-nowadays). He was raised in Hyde Park by his legal guardians Bill Ayers and Bernardine Dohrn.^{[35] [36]}
• Carol Moseley Braun^[25] – U.Southward. Senator from Illinois
• Oscar Brown Jr. – singer, songwriter, playwright, poet, civil rights activist, and actor.
• Paul Butterfield^[37] – blues musician
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar^[38] – astrophysicist, 1983 Nobel Prize laureate
• James W. Cronin^[38] – physicist, 1980 Nobel Prize laureate
• Clarence Darrow^[39] – lawyer
• Barbara Flynn Currie, former Illinois House of Representatives Bulk Leader
• Leon Despres^[17] – civil rights activist
• William Dodd^[40] – U.South. Ambassador to Federal republic of germany
• Bernardine Dohrn^[41] – lawyer and activist
• Paul Douglas – U.S. Senator from Illinois
• Arne Duncan^[42] – U.S. Secretary of Education
• Amelia Earhart (day resident as student of Hyde Park Loftier School)^[43] – aviator
• Kurt Elling^[44] – jazz musician
• Louis Farrakhan^[45] – leader of the Nation of Islam.
• Enrico Fermi – physicist, 1938 Nobel Prize laureate
• Marshall Field – retail icon and founder of Marshall Field's
• Susan Fiske^[46] – social psychologist
• Milton Friedman^[xvi] – economist, 1976 Nobel Prize recipient, taught economics at the University of Chicago (1946-1977)
• Francis Fukuyama – political scientist
• Caroline Glick – Journalist
• Dick Gregory^[47] – comedian, activist
• Austan Goolsbee – economist, writer, senior Obama administration official, former Chair of the Council of Economical Directorate
• Bonnie Harris – painter^[48]
• Hugh Hefner^[49] – magazine publisher, founder of Playboy
• Maria Hinojosa – journalist
• Mahalia Jackson – gospel vocalizer
• Elena Kagan – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
• Echo Kellum (born 1982), thespian and comedian known for his roles in Pointer and Sean Saves the Earth. He was a childhood resident of Hyde Park.^[50]
• Chaka Kahn – singer
• R. Kelly– singer
• Karen Lewis (1953-2021) – American labor leader, former reform president of Chicago Teachers Union
• Ramsey Lewis – jazz musician
• Mary Todd Lincoln^[12] – married woman of 16th U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
• John A. List – Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, University of Chicago
• Leopold and Loeb – convicted murderers
• Vic Mensa – rapper
• Albert Abraham Michelson – physicist, 1907 Nobel Prize laureate
• Robert Andrews Millikan – physicist, 1923 Nobel Prize laureate, Robert A. Millikan Business firm is National Celebrated Landmark
• Elijah Muhammad – former leader of the Nation of Islam
• Barack Obama^[16] – 44th President of the United States
• Clara Peller (1902–1987), actress best known for her appearances in Where's the beef? entrada of Wendy's. She was a longtime Hyde Park resident.^[51]
• Richard Posner – quondam federal judge and senior lecturer at the Academy of Chicago Law School
• Toni Preckwinkle – Cook Canton Lath President, activist
• Kwame Raoul – Illinois Chaser Full general
• Janet D. Rowley – Cytogeneticist and cancer enquiry pioneer^[52]
• Antonin Scalia^{[16] [53]} – Acquaintance Justice of the Supreme Court, residency at the University of Chicago Law Schoolhouse (1977-1982)
• John Paul Stevens^[54] – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
• George Stigler^[38] – economist, 1982 Nobel Prize laureate
• Dana 50. Suskind – professor
• James Tiptree Jr.^[55] – writer
• Harold Washington^[24] – Mayor of Chicago
• Jody Watley – singer
• Henry Clay Work – composer
• Hubert Louis Will – federal guess

Gallery [edit]

• 

• 

• 

  Shops and restaurants on 53rd Street.

• 

  A monument mark the location of the first buss between Barack Obama and Michelle Obama, located on the corner of 53rd Street and Dorchester Avenue.

• 

• 

• 

  Downtown Chicago and lakefront condominiums in Hyde Park as seen from the northern side of Promontory Point.

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

• Official City of Chicago Hyde Park Map
• Hyde Park Historical Guild
• Hyde Park-Kenwood Community Conference
• South East Chicago Committee

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Chicago

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